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Goa is
India's smallest state in terms of area and the
fourth smallest in terms of population. Located on
the west coast of India in the region known as the
Konkan, it is bounded by the state of Maharashtra
to the north, and by Karnataka to the east and
south, while the Arabian Sea forms its western
coast.
Panaji is the state's capital. Vasco da Gama is
the largest city. The historic city of Margao
still exhibits the influence of Portuguese
culture. The Portuguese first landed in Goa as
merchants, in the early 16th century, and
conquered it soon thereafter. The Portuguese
overseas territory existed for about 450 years,
until it was annexed by India in 1961.
Renowned for its beaches, places of worship and
world heritage architecture, Goa is visited by
large numbers of international and domestic
tourists each year. It also has rich flora and
fauna, owing to its location on the Western Ghats
range, which is classified as a biodiversity
hotspot
History
Goa's known history stretches back to the third
century BCE, when it formed part of the Mauryan
Empire, ruled by the Buddhist emperor, Ashoka of
Magadha. It was later ruled by the Satavahanas of
Kolhapur, around 2,000 years ago it was passed on
to the Chalukya Dynasty, who controlled it between
580 to 750. Over the next few centuries Goa was
successively ruled by the Silharas, the Kadambas
and the Chalukyas of Kalyani, rulers of Deccan
India.
In 1312, Goa came under the governance of the
Delhi Sultanate. However, the kingdom's grip on
the region was weak, and by 1370 they were forced
to surrender it to Harihara I of the Vijayanagara
empire. The Vijayanagara monarchs held on to the
territory until 1469, when it was appropriated by
the Bahmani sultans of Gulbarga. After that
dynasty crumbled, the area fell to the hands of
the Adil Shahis of Bijapur who established as
their auxiliary capital the city known under the
Portuguese as Velha Goa.
In 1510, the Portuguese defeated the ruling
Bijapur kings with the help of a local ally,
Timayya, leading to the establishment of a
permanent settlement in Velha Goa (or Old Goa).
Coat of Arms of Goa as a Portuguese possession
(1675)
The Portuguese converted a large portion of their
subjects in Goa to Christianity. The repeated wars
of the Portuguese with the Marathas and the Deccan
sultanate, along with the repressive religious
policies of Portuguese led to large migrations of
Goans to neighbouring areas. Goa was occupied by
British between 1812-1815 during Napoleonic Wars
Sunset in Goa
Tourism is generally focused on the coastal areas
of Goa, with decreased tourist activity inland. In
2004 there were more than 2 million tourists
reported
to have visited Goa, 400,000 of whom were from
abroad.
Goa has two main tourist seasons: winter and
summer.
In
the winter time, tourists from abroad (mainly
Europe) come to Goa to enjoy the splendid climate.
In the summertime (which, in Goa, is the rainy
season), tourists from across India come to spend
the holidays.
This tiny state is situated on the west coast of
India, between the borders of Maharastra and
Karnataka and is better known to the world as the
former Portuguese enclave on Indian soil. With the
rule of the Portuguese for over 450 years and the
consequential influence of the Latin culture, Goa
presents a somewhat different picture to the
foreign visitor than any other part of the
country. The state of Goa is famous for its
excellent beaches, churches, and temples. The Bom
Jesus cathedral is another famous attraction in
Goa. The Fort Aguada too is a major tourist
attraction. Recently a Wax Museum on Indian
history, culture and heritage has also opened in
Old Goa.
Beaches
One reason to visit Goa is, its beaches. About 77
miles (125 KM) of the coast line is dotted with
beaches. These beaches are divided into North Goa
and
South Goa Beaches. The further north or south you
go, the more isolated the beaches get. However, if
one is looking for people, then a visit to some of
the more popular beaches like Baga and Anjuna
would provide. These beaches are lined with shacks
that provide fresh sea food and drinks. Some
shacks arrange special events to attract more
customers.The Colva beach located in the south Goa
is also called as the White sand beach.
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